Role of fluid optimization in Acute Pancreatitis

Abstract

Background: Acute Pancreatitis is one of the commonest cause for admission to the surgical emergency ward. In view of this, fluid management remains the main stay of treatment in the immediate period. Optimal fluid management avoids further complications including Organ failure and Pancreatic Necrosis. Objective: Proper management of the Acute Pancreatitis is very essential, early identification of the patients and Optimization in Fluid remains the main stay of treatment. To understand the pathophysiology of fluid depletion in Acute Pancreatitis. Material and Methods: Records of patients who were admitted with Acute Pancreatitis in Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya between June 2018 and May 2019 (1-year period) were studied and analysed. 76 acute pancreatitis cases were admitted during this period. Those diagnosed with acute pancreatitis on the basis of epigastric pain, serum amylase and serum lipase levels more than 3 times normal were subjected to the investigations and fluid management was analysed at the time of admission and after 48hours. Results: In our study, out of 76 cases admitted with the diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis 22% had Severe acute pancreatitis, 72% affected were males,60% of the total were in 4th decade, alcohol was the most common aetiology 55%, followed by biliary pancreatitis 35% and idiopathic 10%. Patients managed with optimal fluid recovery rate was 87% in Mild Acute Pancreatitis, 67% in moderately severe Acute Pancreatitis and 54% in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Conclusion: Optimal Fluid management remains the main stay of therapy in Acute Pancreatitis. Early identification of the disease and optimal fluid management reduces the mortality and morbidity in Acute Pancreatitis.