Obesity and Impact On Thyroid Hormone and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a metabolic disorder due to physical inactivity associated with increased consumption of calories. The excess calorie is stored as fat in adipose tissue, the fat loaded adipose tissue stimulates inflammatory pathway. The secreted inflammatory cytokines influence the sodium iodide transporter on the surface of thyroid gland. It causes decreased Thyroid hormone (TH) secretion & elevated Thyroid Stimulation Hormone (TSH). the energy metabolism of the body is regulated by TH, decreased TH secretion in obesity disturbs energy metabolism. Material & Methods: The study population are the patients attending OPD of medicine a tertiary hospital in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (Central India). Total 25 patients are selected for the study based on their anthropometric measurements (Weight, Height, BMI) confirmed them as obese. Of them 16 are males and 9 are females aged >35 years and are compared with equal number of age matched control population. Results: The values obtained after investigation of various parameters of study as well as control is analysed using SPSS software. The obtained mean, SD values of these parameters are as follows. Conclusion: The obesity due to excessive calorie intake with low physical activity deposits more fat into adipose tissue. The fat loaded adipocytes not only increases blood lipids but also aggravates inflammatory pathways. The secreted inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, 12,18, TNF- α , IFN influences thyroid function by a change in lodide transport across the thyroid gland.