Morphological and Morphometric study of Mandible using Orthopantogram (OPG) in central Indian Population

Abstract

Introduction: The mandible is the biggest bone responsible for holding the lower teeth in place, assisting in mastication, and forming the lower jawline. The mandible is made up of two parts: the body and the ramus, and it is placed below the maxilla. The lower jawline is formed by a horizontally curved section of the body. The rami are two vertical processes that link the body at the angle of the mandible on either side of the body. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 150 digital orthopantogram (OPG’S). A total number of patient’s time of life selected between ranges of 20-60 years of age group. The sample was of 150 subjects. Data was collected from college who will come for OPD. Socio-demography, physical findings on examination during admission. Details of patient, parity, age and gender would be recorded. Results: Mandibular ramus of male Mean (mm)±SD of Minimum ramus breadth was 29.26±3.01 followed by Maximum ramus breadth 34.30±3.31, Maximum ramus height 75.24±5.62, Projective ramus height 69.25±5.54 and Coronoid height 62.49±5.60. Mandibular ramus of female Mean (mm)±SD of Minimum ramus breadth was 27.62±3.62 followed by Maximum ramus breadth 32.36±3.37, Maximum ramus height 70.33±5.34, Projective ramus height 64.20±5.76 and Coronoid height 58.19±5.74. Each of the five variables measured on mandibular ramus using orthopantomograph showed statistically significant gender differences, indicating that ramus expresses strong gender dimorphism. Conclusion: The present study has suggested that the accuracy of gender determination using mandibular measurements of the Indian population can be improved by deriving a discriminant function, which utilizes a combination of the six respective dimensions. Our study showed that minimum ramus breadth and maximum ramus breadth are most accurate in predicting gender on OPG while projective height was least reliable. Orthopantomogram is a reliable and accurate tool to record the various measurements in order to determine the gender of the given mandible.