Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by ankle brachial pressure index

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is growing at an exponential rate all around the world and soon is to be an epidemic in many countries including India. India topped the list of maximum reported cases of diabetes in year 2000 with 31.7 million (reported cases) it was followed by China (20.8 million) and the United States (17.7 million) in second and third place respectively. Material and methods: A Cross Sectional Study was done in the department of General Medicine at Muzaffarnagar Nagar Medical college, Muzaffarnagar, UP from September 2021 to August 2022. All type 2 diabetic patients attending the department were invited to participate in the study those fulfilling the inclusion criteria and giving consent for inclusion in the study during the period of study were enrolled in the study. A total of 200 such patients were recruited in the study. Measurement of ABPI was made in supine position after 10 minutes of rest and in a quiet room. Results: Out of 200 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 72 (36.0%) were suffering from peripheral arterial disease. Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our institution (a teaching hospital) was 36.0%. Mean Fasting blood sugar levels of diabetic patients with PAD (187.90+100.64 mg/dl) was found to be higher than that of without PAD (182.15+74.29 mg/dl). Mean Post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels of diabetic patients with PAD (280.58+121.11 mg/dl) were also found to be higher than that of without PAD (253.22+85.30 mg/dl). Conclusion: The findings of present study thus suggested that diabetic population is at a substantial risk of peripheral arterial disease and was significantly dependent on duration of diabetes, obesity (waist circumference) and presence of other comorbidities and complications like
hypertension, retinopathy and neuropathy.