Evaluate Cardiopulmonary markers, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers among healthy people with and without a history of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for around 90% of all cases of diabetes. In T2DM, the response to insulin is diminished, and this is defined as insulin resistance. During this state, insulin is ineffective and is initially countered by an increase in insulin production to maintain glucose homeostasis, but over time, insulin production decreases, resulting in T2DM. T2DM is most commonly seen in persons older than 45 years. Still, it is increasingly seen in children, adolescents, and younger adults due to rising levels of obesity, physical inactivity, and energy-dense diets. This is a Prospective, Cross sectional, Randomization, Observational study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Medicine, Index Medical College. Inclusion Criteria: Controls without family history of type 2 diabetes: Healthy subjects in the age group of 18 - 30 years of either Gender. Cases with family history of type 2 diabetes either gender age group of 18 - 30 years of Age. Individuals who are using any medicines for any health condition to restrict in performing submaximal exercise. Total cholesterol (TC) in 18-21 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 209.34 + 14.85 mg/dl then control group 163.26 + 23.81 mg/dl (p=0.001), also Total cholesterol (TC) in 22-25 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 211.29 + 16.61 mg/dl then control group 177.42 + 27.98 mg/dl (p=0.001). HDL in 18-21 years in Case Group showed a decrease in Mean 39.35 +5.56 mg/dl then control group 40.87 + 6.20 mg/dl (p=0.167), too HDL in 22-25 years in Case Group showed a decrease in Mean 40.87 +6.22 mg/dl then control group 43.97 + 6.93 mg/dl (p=0.173). Triglycerides (TGL) in 18-21 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 144.07 + 9.96 mg/dl then control group 123.44 + 18.87 mg/dl (p<0.0001), in addition Triglycerides (TGL) in 22-25 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 147.48 + 16.70 mg/dl then control group 130.08 + 20.03 mg/dl (p=0.0147). LDL in 18-21 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 141.60 + 16.24 mg/dl then control group 97.71 + 16.87 mg/dl (p=0.650), similar LDL in 22-25 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 140.92 + 18.80 mg/dl then control group 107.43 + 19.54 mg/dl (p=0.841). VLDL in 1-21 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 28.74 + 2.02 mg/dl then control group 24.68 + 3.77 mg/dl (p<0.0001), moreover VLDL in 22-25 years in Case Group showed an increase in Mean 29.49 + 3.34 mg/dl then control group 26.02 + 4.01 mg/dl.