A case-control study of hypertension and associated risk factor on kidney Volume

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension (or HTN) or high blood pressure is defined as abnormally high arterial blood pressure. According to the Joint National Committee 8 (JNC8), normal blood pressure is a systolic BP < 120 mmHg and diastolic BP < 80 mm Hg. Hypertension is defined as systolic BP level of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP level ≥ 90 mmHg. Material and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive, cross sectional and observational study conducted at Department of Physiology, General Medicine and Radiology, Index Medical College, Hospital and Research center Indore. Period of the study from January 2020 December 2021. Using ultrasonographic methods, absolute renal size, relative renal size (renal length/body length), renal volume (length × width × depth × 0.52), and renal shape (width/length) were calculated. Results: The case group Mean Systolic Blood Pressure is 147.45 ± 5.87 mm of Hg (Mean±SD) and control group Mean Systolic Blood Pressure of 117.35 ± 5.67 mm of Hg (Mean±SD). However, this reduction in Systolic Blood Pressure is statistically significant. (P value < 0.05). The case group Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure is 97.03 ± 5.824 mm of Hg (Mean±SD) and Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure is 76.93 ± 5.688 mm of Hg (Mean±SD). This reduction in Diastolic Blood Pressure is however statistically significant. (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: The data presented in this work showed that renal size and volume were more than in hypertensive than normotensive subjects. The cortical size for both kidneys was greater in our study group compared to cortical size in normotensive subjects.