Effect of hypertension on kidney Volume: A Case-control Study

Abstract

Background: According to world health organization (WHO) blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. According to the WHO, hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD, excluding congenital CVD) as well as renal impairment, peripheral vascular disease, and blindness. Material and Method: This is a prospective, descriptive, cross sectional and observational study. Department of Physiology, General Medicine and Radiology, Index Medical College, Hospital and Research center Indore. A curvilinear probe with transducer frequency of 2–8 MHz of a Sonoace X6 ultrasound machine was used. Each individual was laid supine on the couch with the abdomen adequately exposed from upper abdomen to the symphysis pubis. Result: The mean right renal cortical thickness in case group 1.5±0.32 cm and in control group 1.4 ± 0.38 cm. On the other hand, left renal cortical thickness in case group 1.6±0.32 cm and in control group 1.4 ± 0.37 cm. The mean right renal volume in case group 82.58± 1.47 cm and in control group 78.16±1.02 cm. The left renal volume in case group 93.19 ± 1.221 cm and in control group 79.27±0.91cm. Conclusion: The cortical size for both kidneys was greater in our study group compared to cortical size in normotensive subjects. In agreement with published studies, our study showed that renal volume is higher in the left than in the right kidney for both sexes.