Pathophysiology and Spectrum of Neuro-COVID

Abstract

Some neurological manifestations may not be specific for COVID-19 and due to other causes but that COVID-19 must be considered as a differential of all acute neurological conditions. The following neuropathological abnormalities were found: acute microscopic thrombotic ischemic infarcts; microscopic haemorrhagic infarcts; petechial haemorrhage; focal perivascular parenchymal Tcell infiltrates; diffuse perivascular parenchymal T-cell infiltrates; leptomeningeal inflammation; interstitial brainstem inflammation with neuronal loss; capillary endothelium expression of ACE2 receptors; microglial nodules; and hypoxic ischemia changes and neuronal loss.